Principle of Engagement

The three principles of Universal Design for Learning each address specific aspects of learning and how we process information. 

They are:

1. Representation: which focuses on recognition networks in the mind
2. Action and Expression: which focuses strategic network in the mind
3. Engagement: which focuses on affective networks in the mind

The third principle pertains to how we present information to learner.  Essentially, it focuses on why students are learning - what motivates them and how it does so. To ensure learning is most successful, offer a choice of multiple options for motivation. 

Learners vary greatly and they likewise differ significantly in the way that they can be engaged or motivated to learn.  With the accelerated growth of non-traditional students, this variation will not go away.  Factors contributing to the variation include:

• Background knowledge
• Culture
• Personal relevance
• Neurology
• Subjectivity

While some learners are spontaneous and creative, others may be timid or even frightened by new challenges present d to them in the course.  The latter may prefer a strict path to assist them through the content. Some learners are happy to work alone and others prefer to work with peers. When all is said and done, there is not one optimal way to engage every learner.  For this reason,

 There are three guidelines to follow when focusing on the action and expression in learning.   They are:

1. Recruiting Interest
2.  Sustaining Effort and Persistence
3. Self-Regulation

Each of these guidelines, each with their own criteria to meet, ensure students have the best chance to learn.  The goal of these who excel in these is to great expert learners who are purposeful and motivated. Meeting the Principle of Engagement also contributes to student inclusion, as it offers a variety of motivating factors to keep students engaged with the content. This will positively affect their learning and the overall student success.